This research project will contribute a robust scholarly framework for medical workforce governance that will improve the capacity of policy makers and regulators to reform: (a) professional and ethical standards to govern the admission of medical practitioners into the profession; (b) regulatory systems to assure and improve the performance of doctors and to protect the safety of patients; and (c) public health policies, programs and funding arrangements crucial to the achievement of the right to health; that is putting the right providers in the right place at the right time.